Introduction:

zkSync has developed a unique scalable solution for Ethereum based on ZK-Rollup technology that provides users with very low transaction fees and significant security. This revolutionary technology can increase Ethereum’s scalability without compromising security. In this article, we will explain how zkSync rollups work. We will explore this topic in depth at the end of this article, so please stay with us.

What is zkSync?

The zkSync project is a scaling technology based on ZK Rollup that implements innovative solutions for Ethereum scaling. Rollup refers to smart contracts that roll up a set of transactions from the core layer into a single transaction. ZK stands for “zero knowledge”, used to create a single proof, verify transactions, and send it to the main network.

The zkSync protocol is exciting for users and developers. Lower fees, improved user experience for wallets and services, and various optimizations in DeFi are among zkSync’s advantages. This project has eliminated the need for a third party and enabled instant approval, reducing fees by 99%.

How does zkSync work?

The zkSync layer2 solution increases Ethereum scalability in two steps. In the first step, it agrees a large number of transactions together (known as a roll-up) and transfers them to the zkSync layer, which is a second layer, with the help of smart contracts. The result is that many transactions count as a single transaction, and a single fee is paid for all of them. In the next step, it processes these transactions. The roll-up relies on proof-of-knowledge technology, specifically ZK-SNARK. These types of algorithms minimise the amount of data required for processing.

The technology works as follows:

• Users sign transactions and send them to validators.
• Validators consolidate thousands of transactions into a block and send the root hash of this new state along with the encrypted proof of this change (SNARK proof) to a smart contract on the main network. This evidence shows that the new state results from changing the previous state during a specific operation.
• With the call data method, the state change delta (a bit of information about each change) is also recorded on the main network. Anyone can restore the state at any time.
• Smart contracts validate and confirm the proof and delta in the state. In this way, it is possible to ensure the validity and correctness of all transactions in the block and the availability of information related to them (data availability).

It is much cheaper to validate a set of transactions than each individually. Moreover, keeping some of the data off-chain would further reduce costs. Transactions in zkSync need to be recorded at layer one, so it takes about 10 minutes (compared to two weeks for some Optimistic anti-fraud solutions).

What Makes zkSync Unique?

Native account abstraction: With zkSync Era, externally owned accounts (EOAs) such as MetaMask users are upgraded to smart contract accounts (CAs). As a result, there are infinite possibilities, such as no seed phrases, batching multiple operations together, and automating payments.

Privacy and speed of ZK-rollup: The foundation of zkSync is its ZK-rollup technology. A ZK-rollup combines a natively privacy-preserving network with fast transaction processing.

Ethereum-level security: ZK-rollup relies on Ethereum for security. So, zkSync Era relies on Ethereum for security against hacks and network-wide attacks.

EVM compatibility: zkSync Era’s main value proposition is its EVM compatibility with zkEVM. zkEVM enables ZK-based smart contracts to be compatible with EVM. Using Ethereum native programming languages like Solidity, developers can easily build in zkSync Era.

Advantages of zkSync

zkSync significantly reduces Ethereum network fees without compromising security and user control over assets. This solution offers more than these advantages. Here are some other benefits.

• Low fees: Using this system, the user pays only 1% of the original Ethereum fee, which is cheaper than many other systems.
• High speed: This system can process more than 2000 transactions per second, while the first layer can only process 14 transactions per second.
• High security: The Ethereum blockchain ensures the security of this system.
• Frictionless transfers: With ZKSync, you can easily transfer cryptocurrency between layers one and two.
• Censorship resistance: ZK-rollups enable users to submit transactions directly to the rollup contract on Mainnet if they feel they are being censored.

zkSync security

The security of this system is based on zk-SNARK technology and more precisely PLONK. The following are zkSync’s security assumptions and trust structure:

• Users do not need to monitor the network.
• It is possible to store private keys cold.
• Validators can’t change the network state at will or steal users’ assets.
• Users can return their funds to the main network without the validators’ cooperation.

The last point deserves more explanation; if the validators reject a transaction for any reason (censorship, etc.), the user can register directly in the main network. As a result, his request enters a specific queue called the Priority Queue. Validators are required to process these requests within a short time window (maximum one week). If they refuse, the system will automatically enter the Exodus phase. In this case, users can instantly withdraw their capital by sending a request to the main network.

zkSync vs. Optimistic rollup

Optimistic rollups are zkSync’s main competitors. Below we compare these two layer2 solutions. To compare these two solutions, we can take a look at several factors:

1. Security

ZK rollups have many desirable features that attract users more than optimistic rollups. For example, zero-knowledge rollups have proactive cryptographic security. They can remove users’ dependence through their cryptographic proof (mathematical models).

2. Scalability

Optimistic rollups are very time-consuming when validating transactions because they depend on smart contracts in layer 2. Therefore, Optimistic rollups will scale lower than ZK rollups.

3. Gas fees

Because of their low fees, the ZK rollup provides more opportunities for users to explore a variety of use cases.

4. Speed

Withdrawals take longer in Optimistic rollups than in ZK rollups. Some settings cannot be adjusted without drastically reducing security because of their nature.Liquidity providers often solve this problem with their locked liquidity. Then a fee is given to these liquidity providers to compensate for waiting time and delay in the network.

The Rango-zkSync integration

The integration of zkSync into Rango Exchange opens up a world of possibilities for users. With this powerful combination, users can seamlessly conduct cross-chain swaps among more than 50 blockchains and zkSync. This offers several notable advantages such as:

• Enhanced Liquidity
• Minimum Slippage
• Competitive Rates

This integration also includes:

🌉 cBridge, XYfinance, and Symbiosis as a bridge between other chains and zkSync.

💱 SpaceFi and 1inch as on-chain swap.

About Rango Exchange

Rango is the ultimate cross-chain DEX aggregator built for the dynamic crypto industry. It supports different blockchains such as EVM-based, Cosmos-based, Solana, and UTXO, and will also encompass Near, ADA, Evmos, and any other remaining blockchains in the future. As a leading DEX platform, it bridges all around crypto by simply allowing users to swap assets from any blockchain for any other assets and find the fastest, cheapest, and most secure route.

Rango integrates all DEXs, bridges, and DEX aggregators around the DeFi world to aggregate all their liquidity to create mega liquidity. It performs complex and multi-step swaps to provide the ultimate user experience through its easy-to-use interface.